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    Structural Analysis
  • Structural Analysis
    An Empirical Comparative Study of Period Prediction Formulas for Multiple Types of Buildings
    LI Yang, KAWSU Jitteh, ZHAI Jiabao, WANG Pengcheng, CHEN Jun
    2025, 41(3): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.20240910.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Measuring the dynamic characteristics of constructed buildings and testing the related period prediction formulas are of great significance for the condition assessment of existing buildings in urban renewal. To this end, pulsation method tests were carried out on 22 buildings of different structural types in the Siping Road Campus of Tongji University, and the natural period and damping ratio of the buildings were identified by the random decrement technique, and the identification results were summarized. The measured values of the natural period of the buildings were compared with 17 natural period prediction formulas for the structures, and the period prediction formulas for different structural types were recommended based on the comparison results.
  • Structural Analysis
    Research on Mechanical Behavior of Steel Column Footing Wrapped with Concrete
    XIAO Bo, JING Chuan, WANG Xiaoyu, LI Yong, GAO Xiangling
    2025, 41(3): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Steel frame structure is the preferred structural form for 110 kV and 220 kV indoor substations. The connection between steel columns and foundations is crucial for the mechanical behavior of steel frame structures. The steel column base wrapped with concrete exhibits high load-bearing capacity,enhanced stiffness, and construction expediency. However, the force mechanism under bending and shear action is complex, and the interaction between steel columns and wrapped concrete changes continuously with the development of horizontal bending deformation of steel columns. Finite element modeling analysis was conducted on the steel column base, with main influencing parameters including wrapped height, load form, axial compression ratio, etc. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed cohesive model can accurately simulate the mechanical behavior of the wrapped steel column base. The column base with lower wrapped height can experience local buckling of the compression flange under bending, leading to a decrease in the structural bearing capacity. The top and bottom surfaces of the wrapped concrete may experience significant shear forces. Accordingly, it is not enough to only densify the top stirrups according to the specifications, and it is also necessary to strengthen the stirrups at the bottom end.
  • Structural Analysis
    Finite Element Analysis of Collapse Resistance of K-Shaped Square Steel Tube Joints Strengthened by the Corrugated Plates
    WANG Jiali, YANG Guoqing, SU Rui, TIAN Limin
    2025, 41(3): 16-23. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To improve the collapse resistance of steel truss coal conveying trestle, a novel type of joint is formed to strengthen K-shaped square steel tube joints by welding corrugated plates at the joints between the chord and brace members. On the basis of verifying the correctness of the finite element model, the numerical calculation model of 112 new K-shaped square steel tube joints reinforced by corrugated plate was established, the failure mode of the joints under different parameters was studied, and the law of influence of each parameter on the anti-collapse performance of the joints was revealed. The results show that the failure modes of the new corrugated plate reinforced joint can be divided into shear failure of the chord and buckling of the compression support under unbroken roots and shear failure of the chord and buckling of the compression support under broken roots. Chord width ratio and corrugated plate thickness are positively correlated with joint stiffness, ultimate bearing capacity and failure load. When the diameter to thickness ratio of the chord is less than 0.75, the ultimate bearing capacity of the joint can be significantly improved by increasing the thickness of the support. The curvature of corrugated plate has little influence on the joint stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity, but has great influence on the failure mode of the joint. The ultimate load, failure load and ductility of K-type joints are significantly improved by corrugated plate, which can effectively improve the anti-collapse performance of K-type joints.
  • Structural Analysis
    Study on Effect of Cable-Stayed Tower Height on Mechanical Performance of Cable-Stayed Bridges with Small Side-to-Middle-Span Ratios System
    LIN Zhiping, ZHANG Guoxuan, XU Cheng, SU Qingtian
    2025, 41(3): 24-32. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The cable-stayed tower is the key to the design of cable-stayed bridges. However, for ultra-low-side mid-span ratio hybrid girder cable-stayed bridges, its force form has unique characteristics. In order to clarify the effect of height of the cable-stayed tower on the hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge system, parametric finite element analysis is carried out in this study. This study has investigated the rule of the influence of the height of the cable-stayed tower on the stress performance of the cable-stayed bridge with small side-to-middle-span ratios. The study shows that with the increase in the height of the cable tower, the stress performance of main span steel girders, towers, and cable-stayed cables have improved. However, the stress performance of the concrete main girders at the side spans are not affected with the increase in the height of the cable tower. In addition, the stability coefficient of cable-stayed bridges increases and then decreases with the increase in the height of the cable tower.
  • Structural Analysis
    In-Depth Analysis of Critical Design Points for Beam-Column Connection Nodes in Precast Concrete Integral Frame Structures
    WANG Jun
    2025, 41(3): 33-52. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The construction of a fully assembled frame structure is a process that is both complex and intricate. The structural characteristics make the assembly and connection of prefabricated components fundamentally different from traditional cast-in-place construction methods. Many issues encountered during the construction phase are actually due to deficiencies in the design phase. This paper deeply analyzes the construction practices of connection nodes such as beams and columns, main beams and secondary beams within fully assembled frame structures. By discussing practical engineering cases, referencing relevant standards and atlases, and combining work experience, it proposes design considerations based on well-founded evidence and clear viewpoints. These considerations are systematically summarized into four key points for structural layout, eleven key points for connection nodes, and three key points for construction design, comprehensively covering the main content of beam-column connection design in fully assembled frame structures. Moreover, this paper also features a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods for the same connection node, clarifying the reasons for suggesting certain practices. The aim is to enable technicians working in the field of prefabricated construction to deeply understand the principles and proficiently master key technologies. This will allow them to anticipate and avoid potential problems during the design phase, thereby improving the safety and construction efficiency of prefabricated structures.
  • Structural Analysis
    Research on Practical Fatigue Analysis Method of Reinforced Concrete Compression-Bending Members
    CHENG Weihong, HU Wensong, SHI Yan
    2025, 41(3): 53-61. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To study the fatigue property of reinforced concrete （RC） compression-bending members, on the basis of combing the fatigue analysis method of RC bending members in the current codes, this paper deduces the practical fatigue calculation method of RC compression-bending members based on plane section assumption and the conversion cross-section method. Based on the fatigue analysis method proposed in this paper, the necessity of fatigue calculation of compression-bending components is illustrated by engineering examples. The influence of axial pressure, tensile reinforcement area, concrete strength grade on fatigue calculation results is studied. The influence of fatigue load on structural deflection is studied. The results show that for reinforced concrete compression-bending members, the stress amplitude of steel bar in the tension zone and the maximum stress of concrete fiber at the edge of the compression zone will be significantly overestimated according to the fatigue calculation method of RC bending members. When the bending moment of the section is fixed, the increase of the axial force of the section can effectively reduce the fatigue stress of the tensile steel bars and increase the fatigue stress amplitude limit of the steel bar, but it has no effect on the fatigue stress amplitude of the tensile steel bars. Fatigue stress can be effectively reduced by increasing the area of tensile bars, while the area of the compression bars and the strength grade of concrete have no effect on fatigue stress. The influence coefficient of deflection increase considering the long-term effect of load in concrete specification cannot fully reflect the influence of long-term fatigue load.
  • Structural Analysis
    Analysis of Reason for Vertical Cracks in Web of Prestressed Concrete Small Box Girder in Service
    HU Gensheng, SHEN Kaiqi, WANG Xiaowei, WANG Xingchi, QIAO Jie
    2025, 41(3): 62-69. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0007
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In recent years, it has been observed that many prestressed concrete small box girder bridges have developed numerous vertical cracks in their webs after years of operation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of maintenance and reinforcement is still not obvious. To investigate the causes of vertical cracks in the webs of small and medium-sized box girder bridges during operation, this paper examines a real-world project. The study focuses on examining the influence of longitudinal self-stress on the web of a small box girder, considering two factors： shrinkage, creep inconsistency, and the temperature gradient effect. Additionally, the paper utilizes Midas Fea software to numerically simulate the actual operating state of small box girder with different web thicknesses. It also analyzes the variation in longitudinal stress in the web under different operating years. It is found that the thickness of small box girder varies greatly along the beam height, so the effect of shrinkage, creep and temperature gradient on the non-uniform distribution of section is significant. This will cause longitudinal self-tensile stress of the web, reduce the compressive stress reserve of the web, and increase the risk of cracking. The absence of the actual thickness of the web due to fabrication or installation errors can, to some extent, enhance the compressive stress reserve of the web. Nevertheless, as the operating years increase, the tensile stress within the web will gradually increase. Furthermore, the growth rate of this tensile stress is significantly accelerated as the thickness of the web diminishes. After 5 years of operation, if the local thickness of the web is reduced by 20%, the longitudinal tensile stress of the web exceeds the concrete's standard value of tensile strength, leading to vertical cracks in the web. This finding is consistent with the actual condition of the bridge, confirming that the longitudinal self-stress of the small box girder section is a significant factor contributing to the occurrence of vertical web cracks.
    • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
  • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
    A Comparative Study of Chinese and Foreign Seismic Resilience Assessment Methods Based on a Super High-Rise Building
    DU Meiyu, CHEN Jianxing, ZHANG Ruibin, WANG Wei
    2025, 41(3): 70-81. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    High-rise and super high-rise buildings can cause serious economic losses and negative social impacts after an earthquake. However, the applicability of the existing seismic resilience assessment methods for super high-rise buildings remains to be explored. A case study of a super high-rise office building was conducted in this paper by adopting the Chinese （“Standard for seismic resilience assessment of buildings” GB/T 38591—2020） and the US （“Seismic performance assessment of buildings” FEMA P-58） seismic resilience assessment codes. The applicability and the existing deficiencies of the two codes to assess the seismic resilience of super high-rise buildings were then discussed. Some measures to improve the usability of the codes were also proposed. The results show that there are some differences between GB/T 38591—2020 and FEMA P-58 in terms of the calculation methods of the resilience indexes. Both codes take into account the scale effect by reducing the total repair cost and repair time to some extent. Resilience indexes computed using FEMA P-58 are lower partially because the FEMA P-58 has averagely greater reduction rates. Because of the higher repair labor hours of components, especially structural components, and the lower reduction rate of the workload, total repair hours computed according to GB/T 38591—2020 are longer than that of FEMA P-58. Although the construction costs of structural components provided by FEMA P-58 are lower, differences in resilience index calculation methods make the total repair cost higher than that of GB/T 38591—2020. To get more accurate and reasonable resilience indexes when applying the Chinese code in assessing the seismic resilience of super high-rise buildings, the coefficient of floor height and the current intra- and inter-story rehabilitation strategies should be revised. A more distinct calculation method should also be proposed to determine the number of workers more precisely and to calculate the repair time closer to reality.
  • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
    Research on Damage to Roofs in Low-Rise Buildings Based on Typhoon Courses
    LAN Xinyue, HUANG Peng
    2025, 41(3): 82-93. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to consider the impacts of wind speed and direction on building damages during the typhoon course, a common low-rise building in coastal areas was taken as the research object. This paper combined the probability distribution of wind extreme pressure coefficient on the roof obtained from a wind tunnel test and the typhoons generated by the Yan Meng wind field model to propose a research method on the damage to roof of low-rise buildings subjected to typhoons based on Monte Carlo simulation, and the changes of roof damage during the typhoon courses were investigated. Based on this method, the damage of different roofs considering the impacts of wind speed and direction were analyzed and the results were compared with the damage at the time of typhoon extreme wind speed. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the damage duration and the typhoon duration. The maximum damages are often inconsistent with the damages at the time of extreme wind speed. The method which analyzes the damage under a certain wind speed will underestimate the degree of roof damage, with an average error of about 20%. In some simulations, the error can even reach 60%.
  • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
    Variation in Modal Parameters of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge under a Typhoon
    NI Yanchun, HU Rui, CAI Yongyi
    2025, 41(3): 94-103. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The dynamic parameters of long-span bridges change significantly under typhoon conditions due to their lightweight and flexible characteristics. Analyzing these variations helps determine threshold values for the parameters, thereby providing important insights for bridge condition assessment. This study is based on the analysis of health monitoring data collected over several years from a long-span cable-stayed bridge. The characteristics of the representative typhoon and the trends and causes of parameter changes under typhoon conditions are investigated. The analysis employs a rapid Bayesian FFT method developed by the authors' team, which allows for theoretical estimation of both the most probable values （MPVs） and posterior uncertainties （c.o.v.s） of modal parameters, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of parameter variations. The results show strong correlations between different parameters and typhoon intensity, as well as bridge vibration amplitudes. The dynamic performance of bridges under typhoon conditions differs from their normal operational condition. Therefore, analyzing and adjusting the range of parameter variations during typhoon periods can more accurately and effectively warn bridge anomaly and facilitate rational condition assessment.
    • Experiment Study
  • Experiment Study
    Seismic Performance Test and Numerical Simulation of Steel Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Shear Walls
    ZHANG Qiang, LÜ Xilin, ZHAO Bin, NI Xiangyong
    2025, 41(3): 104-114. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The seismic performance of steel high-strength concrete shear walls （SHCWs） under high axial compression ratio is studied by cyclic loading test. The UMAT subroutine of ABAQUS was used to develop the constitutive model of concrete and steel, and the numerical model of each wall specimen is established. Parameter analysis was conducted based on the finite element models verified by experiments. The results show that the SHCWs has good deformation and energy dissipation performance under high axial compression ratio. The numerical model can accurately predict the pinch effect and strength decline of the hysteresis curves. The simulated and experimental hysteresis curves have similar loading and unloading stiffness, bearing capacity, ultimate displacement and energy consumption. The parametric analysis shows that the steel ratio can be effectively reduced （approximately 66.7%） by increasing the concrete strength （C60→C80） under the premise of ensuring the hysteretic performance of the walls. By increasing the axial compression ratios （0.4→0.6）, the deformation performance of the SHCWs is significantly reduced （ulitimate drift ratios 2.96%→4.70%）, and the post-peak strength decrease of the walls is accelerated. By increasing the steel ratio of the wall （2%→10%）, the increase of bearing capacity of the wall is limited, and the deformation performance of the wall is little affected.
  • Experiment Study
    Study on the Effect of Curing Condition on Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete with Recycled Powder
    ZHU Peng, XU Lin, WU Yuqing, QU Wenjun
    2025, 41(3): 115-126. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.20240624.001
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    Reactive Powder Concrete （RPC） is an ultra-high performance cement-based composite material. Recycled powder is produced from waste concrete and waste brick by crushing and grinding. It includes unhydrated particles and could act as complementary cement materials for RPC. This paper studied the flexural, compressive strength at 3 d, 7 d, 28 d and axial compressive strength, elastic modulus at 28 d under two different curing conditions （steam curing and standard curing）. Results show that steam curing greatly increases flexural and compressive strength of RPC at 3 d and 7 d. Steam curing improves the compressive strength and axial compressive strength at 28 d, but decreases 28 d flexural strength and has little effect on 28 d elastic modulus. In addition, steam curing reduces flexural strength to compressive strength ratio （toughness and crack resistance）. Then ANSYS was used to simulate the mechanical properties of recycled RPC concrete at the mesoscopic level, and the simulation fits well with the experiments.
  • Experiment Study
    Study on Mechanical Properties of Cross Shaped Light Steel Concrete Composite Column under Compression
    MA Mengyang, YANG Zhi, QIAO Wentao, ZHANG Guowen, LI Yiqiang
    2025, 41(3): 127-135. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0013
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to investigate the compressive performance of a new type of cross shaped light steel concrete composite irregular column, this paper first conducted an axial compression test on it. The test results showed that the failure mode of the cross shaped composite column was mainly bending failure, with high axial compression bearing capacity and good deformation ability. A refined finite element model was established based on experimental results, and numerical simulation analysis was conducted. Then, the finite element analysis results were compared with the experimental test results, and the two were in good agreement, which which verified the correctness of the established finite element model. Finally, the validated finite element calculation model was used to analyze the influences of four parameters, namely concrete strength, steel plate thickness, eccentricity, and aspect ratio, on the compressive performance of composite columns. The results indicate that the bearing capacity and initial stiffness of the specimen decrease with increasing eccentricity, while they increase with increment of concrete strength and steel plate thickness. However, the enhancement effect on stiffness is not significant and shows diminishing increments. The deformation capacity of cross shaped composite columns is mainly affected by the aspect ratio, and the ductility and ultimate bearing capacity of the specimens decrease with the increase of aspect ratio.
  • Experiment Study
    Model Test Study on Circumferential Stability of Circular Foundation Pit with Deep and Large Diaphragm Wall
    JIN Guolong, XIE Xiongyao, LI Hongqiao
    2025, 41(3): 136-147. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.20250410.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The circular foundation pit with underground continuous wall has the characteristics of good spatial performance and it is more suitable for the foundation pit enclosure system of ultra-deep underground structures especially in the soft soil area. The deep and large circular foundation pit is mainly under circum-axial force. Due to the non-uniformity of geology, construction accuracy and load, the weak joint is under eccentric pressure. With the increase of depth and diameter, the problem of circum-axial stability becomes more and more prominent. However, at present, the spatial instability pattern and mechanism of the circular grounding wall are not clear, and the judgment of the circular grounding wall stability of the existing foundation pit design norms is not perfect. Therefore, this paper takes a circular grounding wall foundation pit （diameter of about 92 m, depth of about 50 m） of a 250 000 square LNG underground membrane tank as the prototype to carry out model tests. According to the similarity principle, the geometric similarity ratio of 1∶50 was set up, and 3 models with different framing, including "T" joint and circular steel ring beam were made, and 4 groups of load conditions were designed to study the circumferential stability of circular ground wall with different framing under uniform confining pressure and biased load. The results show that： 1） the maximum load varies greatly in each working condition, and the failure modes include local buckling and T-joint failure; 2） The radial displacement at top is larger than that at bottom, trapezoidal load displacement is less than the partial load; 3） The ring direction is compressive stress, and the vertical stress is trapezoidal confining pressure under internal pressure and external pull. Through the critical pressure analysis, the critical failure load of the test model was 3.99~8.31 times of the Mises formula value, while the Mises bearing capacity was stronger. 4） The circumferential stability of circular foundation pit of deep underground continuous wall belongs to flexural strength failure and unstable failure. The test methods and conclusions in this paper have good engineering reference value for such problems.
  • Experiment Study
    Experimental Study and Mechanical Analysis of Steel Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints
    ZHANG Qian, YANG Zhaoyang, CAI Yujun
    2025, 41(3): 148-154. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0015
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Taking a skew side-span joints of an elevated waiting room at Xi'an Railway Station as a prototype, a 1：4 scale steel reinforced concrete beam-column joint was designed, and its seismic performance was studied through the low-cycle reciprocating loading test under bidirectional load. It is found that with the load increasing, there are three failure modes, including plastic hinge at the end of column, plastic hinge at the end of the beam and shear failure at the core of the joint. The hysteresis loop of the specimen is relatively full, and the overall seismic performance is good. The cracking load of the specimen is calculated by superposition principle and elasticity theory, By comparing the theoretical values of cracking loads with the experimental one, the difference is found to be less than 20%, indicating that the calculated cracking load has a good accuracy and can provide a reference for engineering practice.
  • Experiment Study
    Analysis of Influence of Partial Shear Connection on Mechanical Properties of Steel-Concrete Composite Girder
    SU Hang
    2025, 41(3): 155-163. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0016
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Partial shear connection in steel-concrete composite continuous bridges means maintaining full steel-concrete composite connection in the positive moment regions, while reducing the connection in the negative moment regions to suppress the cracking development. This can be achieved by wrapping low modulus materials on stud connectors or increasing the studs spacing. So far, there is few research comparing the effectiveness of these two partial shear connection methods. This study designed and fabricated four girder specimens （a conventional composite girder, a prestressed composite girder, a partially shear connected composite girder with rubber-sleeved stud connectors, and a partially shear connected composite girder with increased stud spacing in the negative moment regions）. The shear performance of the partially connected composite girders was tested through static loading experiments, and the effects of the two partial connection methods on the mechanical performance of the steel-concrete composite girders were compared. The test results indicated that the steel-concrete composite girder with rubber-sleeved stud connectors has a bending capacity and stiffness reduced by 17% and 12%, respectively, compared to the standard composite girder. While partial shear connection reduces the bending capacity and overall stiffness of the composite girder, it significantly prevents cracking in the concrete deck in the negative moment regions. Therefore, employing partial shear connection can effectively enhance the mechanical performance of composite girders and reduce costs.
  • Experiment Study
    Full-Scale Experimental Study on Shear-Torsion Coupled Performance of Viscoelastic Dampers
    ZHAO Xuelian
    2025, 41(3): 164-172. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0017
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In theory, viscoelastic dampers （VEDs） dissipate energy through shear deformation of viscoelastic materials, while in practical engineering, VEDs are usually in complex stress states under shear force, axial force, bending moment, and their combinations. So, the actual stress state of VEDs is more complex than the theoretical stress state, which has a significant impact on the stiffness and energy dissipation of the structure. Based on this, the deformation of VEDs under complex stress states is decomposed into translational shear deformation and rotational shear deformation, and a shear-torsion coupled mechanical model is proposed. Through full-scale performance tests, the unique mechanical parameters of VEDs under shear-torsion coupled are studied. The test results show that the shear-torsion coupled test results match well with numerical analysis and mechanical models, and the test results verify the shear-torsion coupled mechanical model. Furthermore, the differences between the experimental and theoretical values of the proposed torque correction coefficient are less than 5%, indicating that the experimental and theoretical values of the torque correction coefficient are basically consistent. In the deformation and frequency correlation tests, the relatively constant relationship between shear and torsional deformation in the test is verified.
    • Foundation
  • Foundation
    Deformation Response Analysis of Existing Tunnel Under Overlying Pile Composite Foundation
    ZHANG Shuai, WANG Ruichun, MIAO Qingjiao, ZHENG Yuanyuan, CAO Yupeng
    2025, 41(3): 173-179. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0018
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The soft soil subgrade loading and micro-pile composite foundation will break the original soil stress field and have an adverse impact on the existing tunnel. The existing deformation theory of tunnels caused by subgrade loading ignores the influence of the solidified soil layer. Based on this, a simplified calculation method was proposed. The existing tunnel was simplified into a Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on the Winkler foundation, a balanced differential equation was established, stress and displacement boundary conditions were introduced, and the expression of the deflection function is obtained. Comparing with the actual measurement results, the applicability of proposed method was verified. The results show that the maximum horizontal displacement of the tunnel has an approximately linear positive correlation with the stacking height. The pile replacement rate has a significant impact on the horizontal displacement. The pile-soil stress ratio has a significant impact on the tunnel deformation.
  • Foundation
    Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Underground Utility Tunnel Nodes Based on Structural Mechanics Solver
    LI Qi
    2025, 41(3): 180-188. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0019
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In the design and construction process of underground utility tunnel, nodes are key parts of the utility tunnel structure.This article takes the section of an underground utility tunnel in Zhengzhou as the research object, and uses theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods to explore the stress and deformation of each node in the underground utility tunnel.Firstly, the interval is simplified into a three span asymmetric frame structure. Based on the structural mechanics solver, the load calculation of the utility tunnel nodes is carried out to obtain their bending moment, shear force, and axial force diagram. Then, Flac3D software is used to numerically simulate and analyze the stress state of the underground utility tunnel.The research results show that the theoretical calculation results are basically consistent with the numerical simulation results, and the lateral soil pressure based on Rankine's active soil pressure is smaller than the numerical simulation results. It is recommended to use static soil pressure for internal force and deformation analysis of underground utility tunnel; When a three span asymmetric frame is subjected to soil self weight and lateral soil pressure, the bending moments it experiences are roughly symmetrically distributed, and the maximum bending moment on both sides of the roof increases with the span.
    • Strengthening and Retrofitting of Structures
  • Strengthening and Retrofitting of Structures
    Application of Energy-Dissipation Technology in Elderly Care Retrofit Project
    PAN Hua, WANG Jianfeng, YU Zhongjun
    2025, 41(3): 189-196. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0020
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    An old office building with high-rise frame-shear wall structure has been transformed into an elderly care building, and the seismic fortification category has been increased from standard fortification category to key fortification category, and the seismic resistance level of the structure has been increased by one level; Both load and seismic effects have increased in accordance with current regulations. Adopting performance-based seismic design methods, the inter-story displacement ratio under rare earthquakes is controlled to not exceed the moderate damage limit by adding viscous dampers for energy dissipation and seismic reduction technology reinforcement. The seismic performance of the structure is significantly improved, so reducing the need for seismic structural measures and avoiding large-scale structural reinforcement; At the same time, seismic effects and the reinforcement amount of the main structure have been reduced because viscous dampers provide additional damping. The research results of this study provide reference for retrofit projects with increased seismic fortification requirements.
    • Study of Design Method
  • Study of Design Method
    Study on Structural Design of Long-Span and Curved Outdoor Corridor
    WANG Cui, YAN Feng
    2025, 41(3): 197-202. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0021
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The characteristics of the internal force distribution and base reaction of the long-span curved corridor structure are different from those of the line-typed corridor. Based on the actual project, this paper introduces the calculation and analysis of the curved corridor structure in detail, gives the distribution characteristics of the internal force and the base reaction, and provides the design for the setting of the sliding support. In this paper, the comfort of the long-span corridor structure is analyzed in the use stage, and the TMD is set to meet the comfort requirements.
  • Study of Design Method
    Anchorage Design of Partially Earth-Anchored Suspension Bridges Considering Lateral Earth Pressure
    SUN Bin, SUN Jishen, QIN Qin, SONG Chaolin, XIAO Rucheng
    2025, 41(3): 203-211. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.20250320.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    As a new type of structural system, partially earth-anchored suspension bridges can effectively cope with the limitations of traditional suspension bridges in soft soil foundations. However, existing research has not fully explored the contribution of lateral earth pressure to reducing the anchorage size. This study proposed a flowchart for the anchorage design of partially earth-anchored suspension bridges considering the contribution of lateral earth pressures. Based on a comparative analysis of a specific engineering case, the results show that incorporating the contribution of earth pressures in the design process can obviously enhance the capacity of the anchorage foundation. As a result, the anchorage size in a partially earth-anchored suspension bridge can be reduced by up to 22%, significantly improving its economic performance. This study also discussed the specification requirements for anchorage foundation displacement during the bridge's service period and analyzes the impact of such displacement on structural performance. The findings clarify the anchorage design method of partially earth-anchored suspension bridges, demonstrate the economic advantages, and provide valuable guidance for adjusting anchor cable forces of the bridge type during operation. These insights serve as a valuable reference for the construction and maintenance of this bridge type.
  • Study of Design Method
    Structural Design of a High-Rise Suspension System with Combination of Steel Truss and Steel Cable
    WANG Shiyu, YANG Boya, WU Honglei
    2025, 41(3): 212-220. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0023
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To meet the architectural requirements, an office tower has adopted an integrated suspended structural system with combination of steel trusses and steel cables. This article conducted small earthquake elastic analysis, medium to large earthquake equivalent elastic analysis, and large earthquake elastoplastic analysis on the overall structure of a typical high-rise suspension system. Specialized analyses such as steel cable bearing capacity analysis, floor comfort analysis, and stress analysis of critical joints stress are also conducted. The analysis results show that the core tube suspension structure system has a high safety reserve and can be used as a structural form of high-rise buildings in practical engineering after reasonable design. In addition, feasible construction plans have been proposed based on the characteristics of cantilever conversion structures.
    • State of the Art
  • State of the Art
    Review on Research and Application of CFRP in the Field of Civil Engineering
    QI Ligang, MA Minglei, BAI Jie, YANG Yan, XU Guowen, XIONG Hao, WU Hangzi
    2025, 41(3): 221-230. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202503.0024
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    Developing high-performance structural materials to address technical challenges that traditional engineering materials cannot solve effectively has become an inevitable trend in the industry of civil engineering. In this regard, this paper focused on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer （CFRP）, including the performance of CFRP materials in civil engineering, key performance studies of CFRP in civil engineering applications, and new applications of CFRP （especially CFRP cables） in the field of civil engineering in China. It summarizes and analyzes the current state of research and applications, aiming to provide new insights to promote the scale development of CFRP in the field of civil engineering.