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    Structural Analysis
  • Structural Analysis
    Study on Shear Performance and Loading Carrying Capacity of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite Member
    HOU Changming, LI Yidong, TANG Yonglian, ZHANG Zhiyong, ZHANG Yongxing
    2026, 42(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to understand the shear behavior of strain hardening cementitious composite （SHCC） member and provide the technical support for its application in engineering, the experimental investigation of SHCC member with shear span length to effective depth ratio about 3 was carried out, in which the shear failure behavior of SHCC member was analyzed, including shear load versus displacement, crack propagation, ultimate fracture pattern and fracture surface. In addition, based on the contributions to the shear bearing capacity of SHCC member from both the matrix contact effect and fiber bridging effect on the crack surface of SHCC, a calculation method for the shear bearing capacity of SHCC member considering the matrix contact effect and fiber bridging effect on the crack surface of SHCC is proposed. The research has shown that the shear bearing capacity of SHCC member can be obtained by separately calculating the shear bearing capacity of the matrix contact effect and the fiber bridging effect on the crack surface of SHCC, and the proposed formula for calculating the shear bearing capacity of SHCC member is effective precise.
  • Structural Analysis
    Research on A New Scaffold System for Retrofitting Exterior Walls of Existing Residential Buildings
    LAN Yongqi, CHEN Yue
    2026, 42(1): 7-16. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Given the prevalent issue of exterior wall aging in existing residential buildings and the limitations of traditional scaffolding in retrofit projects, this paper proposes a novel scaffold system specifically designed for the refurbishment of such structures. The structural design of the scaffold is introduced, and its mechanical properties, internal force analysis, and connection configurations are examined. The results demonstrate that the proposed scaffold features a modular and slidable design, with advantages such as light weight, ease of assembly and disassembly. The findings of this study contribute to improving the efficiency of retrofit projects for existing residential buildings.
  • Structural Analysis
    Numerical Simulation Study on Load-Bearing Performance of Steel Frame Structures with New Semi-Rigid Beam-Column Joints
    FANG Yu, HUANG Zhonghua, WU Zuxian, DUAN Xiong, LUO Jinhui, GUO Xiaonong
    2026, 42(1): 17-24. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Traditional H-shaped steel beam-column end-plate connections were redesigned to enable frame columns to connect to frame beams using identical end-plate joints along both principal axes. These modified joints were subsequently applied in single-layer frames—both braced and unbraced—to connect frame columns along the strong axis to the beams. Seven frame configurations were designed considering variables such as the presence of cross-bracing, brace connection plates, stiffener types, and beam-column joint details. Finite element models of these frames were developed and subjected to monotonic loading to investigate their mechanical performance. The results show that frames with the improved end-plate joints exhibit comparable initial stiffness, yield load, ultimate bearing capacity, and displacement ductility coefficient to those with conventional end-plate joints. However, shear deformation within the joint core area is significantly reduced. The inclusion of bracing markedly enhances frame stiffness and load-bearing capacity, though it alters the failure mode from end-plate bending to net-section tension failure of the braces. Compared with the unbraced frame, the braced frame demonstrates a 144% increase in initial stiffness, a 123% increase in yield load, and a 128% increase in ultimate bearing capacity.
  • Structural Analysis
    Dynamic Early Warning Method for Bridge Pier Inclination Based on Static Trend Separation
    CHEN Kai, GUO Boyu, NIU Zaibo, SUN Hongrui, GUO Jin
    2026, 42(1): 25-31. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on long-term data from a bridge health monitoring system, it is found that the inclination of bridge piers is mainly affected by environmental temperature and random loads, with temperature change having a greater influence on the inclination angle of the piers. To accurately monitor and warn against pier inclination, a linear relationship between the inclination angle of bridge piers and temperature was established. The temperature-induced inclination trend was separated to obtain inclination angle data under random loads. Meanwhile, probabilistic statistical analysis was conducted on the inclination angle of bridge piers under random loads. Based on the statistical results of the inclination angle data after separating the temperature-induced trend, a three-level dynamic early warning curve for the inclination angle of bridge piers was established. The research results show that the inclination angle of the approach bridge piers is significantly affected by temperature, while the influence of random loads on the inclination angle of the approach bridge piers is relatively small. The monitoring data of the inclination angles of each pier, after separating the temperature-induced trends, basically follow a normal distribution. The three-level dynamic early warning curve established after separating the temperature-induced inclination trend of bridge piers can effectively and accurately warn of the real-time operational status of the bridge pier.
  • Structural Analysis
    Damage Detection Method for Reinforced Structure of Old Stone Arch Bridge
    ZHENG Qihua, XUE Qi
    2026, 42(1): 32-39. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In order to address safety hazards such as mortar detachment, cracking, and sinking caused by water flow impact on old stone arch bridges, and to extend their service life, a multi band infrared detection method for structural damage of reinforced old stone arch bridges based on geometric shape reconstruction is proposed. By combining image preprocessing techniques to eliminate interference factors and constructing a high-dimensional pixel matrix, edge detection and refinement techniques are used to restore the geometric shape of the damaged area. By using Gaussian distribution model to conduct in-depth analysis of the reconstructed damaged area, the internal structural characteristics of the damage are revealed. The obtain a multi band infrared detection result that is completely consistent with the actual damage, with the highest loss rate result being 0.071. The detection method proposed in this article can provide technical support for the reinforcement and maintenance of old stone arch bridges.
  • Structural Analysis
    Finite Particle Method Analysis of Snap Behavior in Catenary Mooring Lines of Deep-Sea Floating Wind Turbines Under Combined Wave and Current Conditions
    LIU Yan, HUANG Junning, LIU Zhiwei, LUO Peng, YU Ying
    2026, 42(1): 40-49. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This study employs the Finite Particle Method （FPM） to conduct an in-depth investigation of the snap behavior in catenary mooring lines of deep-sea floating wind turbines under combined wave and current conditions. A nonlinear analysis method for mooring lines considering both geometric and material nonlinearities was established. The dynamic tension variation and snap behavior of mooring lines under different wave amplitudes, frequencies, and tangential drag coefficients were simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that snap behavior typically initiates at the upper end of the mooring line and gradually affects the middle and lower sections as the wave excitation continues and intensifies. Wave amplitude and frequency significantly influence the dynamic tension and snap behavior of the mooring lines, with larger wave amplitudes and higher frequencies leading to more intense snap occurrences. The increase in tangential drag coefficient reduces the movement amplitude of the mooring lines, thereby decreasing the occurrence of snap behavior and enhancing the safety and stability of the mooring system. This study provides theoretical support and technical reference for the design and optimization of mooring systems for floating wind turbines.
  • Structural Analysis
    Analysis of Factors Affecting Tension Control in Submarine Cable Laying
    LÜ Fanghong, CHEN Xiaoming, ZHANG Jindong, LI Xinkui, WANG Sian, LI Jun
    2026, 42(1): 50-58. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0007
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This study derived the static equilibrium equation of submarine cables under uniform vertical load, taking into account bending stiffness and large deformation, along with the analytical solution under small-deformation conditions, thereby providing theoretical support for rapid estimation of cable alignment in practical engineering. The effects of the analytical solution, the classical catenary solution, and the numerical solution incorporating bending stiffness under large deformation on cable configuration were analyzed and compared under varying bending stiffness and water depth conditions. Furthermore, the influences of ocean current direction, wave direction, and wave period on the minimum tension and minimum curvature radius at the cable touchdown point were calculated. The results show that under static loading, as the bending stiffness of the submarine cable increases from 3.2 kN·m2 to 320 kN·m2 （at a water depth of 50 m）, the observed water entry angle during installation decreases. When the water depth increases from 10 m to 50 m （with a bending stiffness of 3.2 kN·m2）, the water entry angle increases. Therefore, tension control should be adjusted with corresponding target entry angles depending on bending stiffness and water depth. In addition, the most critical operating condition occurs when the current direction is 180° and the wave period induces ship resonance. Under the most unfavorable sea state conditions （Sea State 4）, the touchdown tension of the submarine cable decreases significantly. It is recommended to reduce the cable-laying speed when operating in reverse currents and to avoid construction under wave-resonance conditions.
  • Structural Analysis
    Research on Strengthening Optimization of Anchor Lattice Beam Based on Improved Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm
    LIN Zhefeng, HE Jintao, LIU Yang
    2026, 42(1): 59-64. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The anchor lattice beam supporting structure is commonly used in slope reinforcement and landslide prevention and control, demonstrating effective performance in slope support and landslide management. Existing research on the supporting structural system and reinforcement mechanisms has primarily focused on slope parameters, whereas studies on the optimization of the supporting structure and the comprehensive assessment of slope stability remain relatively limited. This paper takes a typical slope with a circular slip surface as the research subject. By establishing the boundary equations of the slope, an improved artificial bee colony optimization algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the anchor lattice beam in slope engineering. An analytical method is employed to develop a mathematical model for the optimal design of the anchor lattice beam, and a corresponding optimization design program based on the artificial bee colony algorithm is compiled. Through case analysis, the effectiveness of the improved artificial bee colony algorithm in the optimization design of the anchor lattice beam supporting structure is verified, which can provide a reference for the design of similar projects in the future.
    • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
  • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
    Study on the Rational Range of the Minimum Seismic Shear Force Coefficient in Seismically Isolated Structures
    GUAN Hongcheng, TANG Caoming, LUO Kaihai, HUANG Shimin, WEI Mingjie, WU Lele
    2026, 42(1): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.20240921.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To ensure the rational range of the minimum seismic shear force coefficient in seismically isolated structures, this study adopts a simplified two-degree-of-freedom seismically isolated model. Using both the Modal Decomposition Response Spectrum Method and Time-History Analysis, the base shear-weight ratio is derived and calculated. The research compares the base shear-weight ratio with the minimum seismic shear coefficient specified in the Standard for Seismic Isolation Design of Building. Through practical engineering cases, the selection of the minimum seismic shear coefficient is analyzed and verified.The study shows that within an equivalent period range of 2 to 5.2 seconds, both analytical methods yield consistent results, indicating that the shear-weight ratios satisfy the minimum seismic shear coefficient limit requirements. However, within the equivalent period range of 5.2 to 6 seconds, the results do not meet the limits specified in the design standard. The research clarifies that across a wide equivalent period range, the minimum seismic shear coefficient limit stipulated in the current design standard does not exert a controlling effect. It is recommended to raise the standard limit value of the minimum seismic shear coefficient in the design standard to ensure sufficient seismic safety of structures.
  • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
    Seismic Reduction Effect Analysis of A Building Structure with Asymmetric Dampers
    CHEN Taikun, ZHUO Xiuqi, NIKA, LU Wensheng
    2026, 42(1): 75-82. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.20250411.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This study analyzed the seismic reduction effect of distributed asymmetric dampers on a super high-rise building structure. Numerical analysis was conducted using OpenSees software, in which asymmetric viscous dampers or asymmetric friction dampers were deployed at various heights of the structure. The impact of their installation on inter-story drift angles, maximum acceleration, and the base shear weight ratio under seismic excitation was investigated. Based on the results, damper placement strategies were proposed for different seismic performance objectives and validated through hybrid simulation. The findings indicate that asymmetric dampers exhibit excellent energy dissipation and seismic reduction capacity, significantly reducing the seismic response of the super high-rise building structure.
  • Earthquake and Wind Resistance
    Numerical Simulation Study on Wind Load Characteristics of the High-Speed Railway Platform Canopy
    BAI Zhengguo, TAN Chao, YU Feng, YAN Yang, QUAN Yong
    2026, 42(1): 83-91. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Numerical simulations were conducted to analyse the wind pressure on the canopy surface under the most unfavourable wind direction angle using the SST k-ω turbulence model. The effects of installing barriers, train presence and shape variations on wind pressure of the canopy were systematically examined, and the underlying mechanisms were explained through the time-averaged flow field characteristics. The canopy surface was divided into different regions based on the wind pressure distribution and the corresponding shape coefficients were provided. The results indicate that the upstream canopy experiences the highest wind load, while downstream canopies are subjected to lower loads due to shielding effects. The canopy surface is predominantly subjected to negative wind pressure and a localized ‘suction on top and thrust from below' pattern is observed at the windward leading edge of the upstream canopy. Both the installation of barriers and presence of the train significantly alter the surrounding flow field distribution, leading to an increase in negative wind pressure on the canopy, but the mechanisms are different. The increase in canopy slope leads to the stronger wind pressure on its upper surface. The reduction in canopy width leads to the increased negative pressure at the trailing edge, but has a little impact on the overall wind load. The findings of this study provide valuable references for the wind-resistant design of high-speed railway platform canopies.
    • Experiment Study
  • Experiment Study
    Analysis and Experimental Study of A Self-Bouncing Tape Spring Mast Structure
    ZHANG Han, ZHOU Xuqian, XIANG Ping, WU Minger
    2026, 42(1): 92-99. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0012
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the buckling behavior of tape springs, a self-bouncing mast structure utilizing tape springs is proposed, primarily consisting of tape springs and reinforcing rings. The maximum stress during the folding of the tape spring was calculated using thin-shell theory. ABAQUS was employed to analyze the mechanical characteristics of a single tape spring during folding. The full mast structure was modeled in SOLIDWORKS and ABAQUS, followed by static folding and dynamic deployment simulations. The natural vibration modes of the mast structure were also investigated. A prototype was fabricated, and a gravity-offloaded deployment test was conducted using a cable suspension method. The mast structure has a height of 1000 mm, a deployment time of 0.39 s, and a first-order natural frequency of 5.09 Hz. Theoretical analysis, simulation, prototyping and deployment tests have preliminarily validated the feasibility of the mast structure.
  • Experiment Study
    Shaking Table Test of Indoor LRB Isolated Semi-Rigid Steel Structure Substation
    HU Yupeng, FANG Yu, WU Zuxian, XU Chenyun, LUO Jinhui, GUO Xiaonong
    2026, 42(1): 100-108. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0013
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This study investigates the seismic performance of a fully indoor semi-rigid steel-structured substation equipped with Lead-Rubber Bearings （LRBs） for seismic isolation through a shaking table test. A 1∶3 scaled model was adopted, and the model structure was designed in compliance with the similarity theory. Shaking table tests were conducted to obtain the acceleration responses of the structure and electrical equipment, as well as the displacement data of the supports. Test results demonstrate that the LRB isolation bearings can effectively extend the natural vibration period of the structure, avoid the dominant period in seismic waves, and reduce structural responses. Additionally, the damping capacity of the structure is significantly enhanced, thereby achieving a favorable seismic mitigation effect. However, the acceleration amplification effect of electrical equipment is relatively notable, with the maximum acceleration amplification factor reaching 6.76. This indicates that special attention must be paid to the safety and stability of electrical equipment. In particular, under the action of near-field seismic waves with pulse effects, the impact of seismic waves on the peak acceleration of electrical equipment becomes more pronounced. This research provides an experimental basis for the study on seismic isolation and mitigation of fully indoor semi-rigid steel-structured substations.
  • Experiment Study
    Shaking Table Test on Scaled-Down Model of Steel-Framed Fully Indoor Semi-Rigid Substation
    HU Yupeng, WU Zuxian, FANG Yu, XU Chenyun, LUO Jinhui, GUO Xiaonong
    2026, 42(1): 109-119. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0014
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To conduct an in-depth investigation into the overall seismic performance of end-plate connected semi-rigid frames and the equipment-structure interaction in substations, this study performs a shaking table test and dynamic response analysis on a 1∶3 scaled steel structure model of a fully indoor semi-rigid substation. Employing the MTS-STEX Pro data acquisition and processing system along with various sensors, the acceleration and inter-story drift angle responses of the structure, as well as the acceleration responses of the equipment, are collected under minor, moderate, and major earthquakes corresponding to Seismic Intensity VII. Test results demonstrate that the main structure possesses favorable seismic performance, with no plastic deformation or significant damage observed during the test, thus confirming its safe application in regions with this specified seismic fortification intensity. However, the equipment exhibits relatively large acceleration responses, necessitating further research on seismic isolation and damping measures to ensure the seismic safety of electrical equipment.
  • Experiment Study
    Experimental Study on Mechanical Performance of Steel Frame Connected by Improved End-Plate Joint
    FANG Yu, WU Zuxian, YU Ming, DUAN Xiong, LUO Jinhui, GUO Xiaonong
    2026, 42(1): 120-127. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0015
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    At present, conventional end-plate connections can only join H-shaped steel beams to the strong axis of H-shaped steel columns. This paper presents an improved end-plate connection： by installing special stiffeners in the weak axis direction of the H-shaped steel column, frame beams in both directions can be connected to the column using identical end-plate joints. The study focuses on examining the influence of these special stiffeners on the mechanical behavior of the frame along its strong axis. Two single-story, single-bay steel frames—one braced and one unbraced—were designed, both incorporating the improved connection. Monotonic lateral loading tests were carried out to assess the mechanical performance, and the internal forces and deformations of the two specimens were analyzed. Results indicate that the shear deformation in the joint core area is significantly reduced when using the improved end-plate connection. The addition of bracing notably enhances the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the frame; however, it also alters the failure mode from bending of the end-plate to tensile fracture of the brace net section, which substantially reduces the ductility of the frame.
  • Experiment Study
    Development and Verification of Containment Optical Fiber Monitoring System
    WANG Zhen, MA Gujian, ZHANG Kunqiao, CHEN Sen, ZHANG Feng, SONG Han
    2026, 42(1): 128-139. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0016
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To meet the requirements of the structural integrity test for prestressed concrete containments in nuclear power plants, a containment structural integrity monitoring system has been designed and developed. This system is based on a JAVAEE layered architecture software platform and uses fiber-optic sensing equipment. It employs point and distributed multi-level monitoring networks, all-optical signal status monitoring, spectral signal demodulation, and front-end and back-end data acquisition and analysis technologies. These features simplify system design, improve scalability and reliability, and establish an online monitoring system with a four-level architecture comprising data perception, acquisition, data, and application layers. The containment optical fiber monitoring system has been applied and validated during the structural integrity test of a prestressed concrete containment. On-site verification demonstrates that the system operates stably and reliably, with accurate monitoring results that satisfy the requirements for monitoring prestressed concrete containments. The system can be further applied in subsequent renovation and upgrade projects of containment monitoring systems to enable online monitoring during containment structural integrity tests.
    • Foundation
  • Foundation
    Research on Boundary Distance and Division Design of Deep and Large Foundation Pits Adjacent to A Subway Tunnel
    YU Jingrui, HE Haibo, ZENG Jie, SONG Linfeng, CHENG Yichong
    2026, 42(1): 140-147. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0017
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on a deep foundation pit project adjacent to a subway tunnel in the soft soil area of Ningbo, the finite element method was employed to analyze the influence of excavation construction on the neighboring subway tunnel under varying conditions of boundary distance between the foundation pit and the tunnel, tunnel burial depth, and pit separation schemes. The findings indicate that tunnel displacement decreases as the distance from the excavation boundary increases. Compared to altering the distance between the tunnel and the foundation pit, the effect of tunnel burial depth on both horizontal and vertical displacement is relatively minor. A reasonable setback distance for the foundation pit should be approximately 1.5 times the excavation depth. For deep and large foundation pits, vertical zoning into near, middle, and far sections is recommended. Internal division within the near and middle sections proves effective in controlling tunnel displacement. However, when the width of the internal division in the near pit is less than 50 m and that in parts of the middle pit is below 80 m, further reduction of the division width shows limited effectiveness in controlling tunnel displacement. The results of this study can provide a reference for setback distance selection and pit design in similar deep and large foundation pit projects.
    • Engineering Construction
  • Engineering Construction
    Analysis of the Effect of Asynchrony in the Integral Lifting Process of A Spatial Reticulated Shell Structure
    GUO Xiaonong, SUI Zhengang, ZHANG Yujian, ZHANG Jindong
    2026, 42(1): 148-156. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0018
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In recent years, as large-span spatial reticulated shell structures have been increasingly applied in large-scale venues, exhibition centers, and airport terminals, their installation and construction techniques have become more mature. Among them, the integral lifting technology is one of the most widely used modern construction methods. However, during the integral lifting process, factors such as delays in the equipment control system and voltage instability often prevent all lifting points from remaining fully synchronized. This paper takes the spatial reticulated shell structure of a high-speed railway station as an example and investigates the impact of asynchronous lifting on structural safety and the variation in lifting point reactions during the integral lifting process, based on the Monte Carlo method and genetic algorithm. First, extensive calculations were carried out using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the influence of the asynchronous amplitude and its random distribution at each lifting point on the maximum stress and the variation range of reactions in the reticulated shell structure. The analysis shows that under the same maximum asynchronous amplitude of the lifting points, the maximum structural stress and the variation range of the lifting reactions follow a lognormal distribution. As the maximum amplitude increases, the maximum structural stress and the variation range of the lifting reactions also increase, but with a certain nonlinear correlation. Second, once the maximum asynchronous amplitude of the lifting points is determined, the genetic algorithm can be used to identify the most unfavorable distribution of lifting point asynchrony. Under this most unfavorable distribution, the maximum structural stress is slightly higher than the results obtained from extensive Monte Carlo analysis. Finally, recommendations are provided for the maximum allowable asynchronous amplitude during integral lifting, and corresponding construction measures are proposed to mitigate the effects of asynchronous lifting.
    • Study of Design Method
  • Study of Design Method
    Seismic Performance-Based Design of Circular Out-of-Codes High-Rise Steel Structure Buildings
    GENG Zhuo, GUO Huiqiang, HUANG Jie, MAO Junpeng, ZHOU Hui, TIAN Yongsheng
    2026, 42(1): 157-164. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0019
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    With the continuous improvement of seismic design methods and performance evaluation standards for buildings, the application of performance-based seismic design in engineering has become increasingly wide spread. Taking a circular high-rise steel structure over-limit project as an example, this paper adopts traditional seismic design methods based on high ductility-high bearing capacity and performance-based seismic design methods with different performance objectives, including high ductility-low bearing capacity and low ductility-high bearing capacity. By comparing differences in structural dynamic characteristics, elastic response under frequent earthquakes, actual performance factors of energy dissipation zones under intermediate earthquakes, elastoplastic response under rare earthquakes, seismic resilience under intermediate and rare earthquakes, and economic efficiency among different models, this paper elucidates the underlying patterns and logic to explore the optimal solution among various seismic design methods. The results indicate that when there is ample structural bearing capacity margin, performance-based design can be adopted according to the low ductility-high bearing capacity provisions of the ‘Standard for design of steel structures'. By enhancing the seismic bearing capacity grade of energy dissipation zones and reducing the ductility grade of its cross-sections, steel consumption can be saved. The research findings of this paper provide practical references for the performance-based seismic design of multi-story and high-rise steel frame structures in low-intensity seismic regions.
    • State of the Art
  • State of the Art
    A Review on the Development of Prefabricated Municipal Tunnels in China： Current Status and Future Trends
    LIU Guoqiang, GUO Taijun, ZHAN Suhong
    2026, 42(1): 165-181. https://doi.org/10.15935/j.cnki.jggcs.202601.0020
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper outlines the current development of prefabricated construction technology for municipal tunnels in China. It reviews the establishment of relevant technical standards and specifications, and analyzes the evolution of prefabricated tunnel technology in terms of research, inheritance, and innovation. Drawing on implemented engineering cases and the latest research from the Guangzhou Kaichuang Avenue project, the paper highlights recent advances in key technical areas, including structural form selection, standardized design, module decomposition, as well as joint types and their performance. Furthermore, it summarizes the development of new materials, products, and equipment in prefabricated construction, supported by case studies that demonstrate their critical role in solving key technical challenges. Finally, the paper identifies existing issues in the field, offers corresponding recommendations, and provides a future outlook based on the current landscape and emerging trends of prefabricated municipal tunnels.